It as a Dummy Subject in Grammar

The word it can be a  subject (or dummy subject) in sentences about times, dates, and the weather (such as, Its raining) and in certain idioms (Its OK). Also known as ambient it or empty it. Unlike the ordinary pronoun it, dummy it refers to nothing at all; it simply serves a grammatical function. In other words, dummy it has a grammatical meaning but no lexical meaning. Examples and Observations Here are some examples: It is hot, it is late, and it is time to go.It will be morning soon.Juan WilliamsBut it is a new day. The need for honest conversations across racial as well as ethnic and religious lines has never been greater.William FauknerHe did not know it was midnight and he did not know how far he had come.Its Always Sunny In PhiladelphiaWaitress: Wow, why are you so sweaty?Charlie Kelly: Its really hot in here.Waitress: Its not hot, its freezing.Charlie Kelly: Its freezing, isnt it. They are blazing that AC.Penelope FitzgeraldIts a pity that Kattie couldnt be here tonight.Sean Astin, Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the RingIts a shame, really. Lady Galadriel gave me that. Real elvish rope.Bob DylanAnd it aint no use to sit and wonder why, babe,If you dont know by now.Wallace StevensIt was evening all afternoon.It was snowingAnd it was going to snow.The blackbird satIn the cedar-limbs.Christopher J. Halle[S]nowing is just snowing: not even God can snow, and although we can be snowed on, i n, or under, the meaning of the verb snow just doesnt require anything to be snowed (except snow itself, I suppose, but that would be a little redundant). So semantics doesnt explain why we need to express a subject, even a dummy one like it in It is snowing. Verbs That Accompany Ambient It James D. McCawleyAmbient it occurs only in combination with a limited set of verbs and predicate adjectives that express environmental conditions (especially, but not exclusively, the weather):- (8a) It was raining/snowing/thundering/pouring.- (8b) It was hot/cold/pleasant/delightful/unbearable/disgusting/uncomfortable in the attic.- (8c) I like/enjoy/hate it here.- (8d) Its third down and twelve to go.- (8e) Its intermission now.- (8e) Its 4:00.In most instances ambient it is the subject of its clause either in surface structure or in what is arguably the deep structure (as in the case of The lake makes it pleasant here, which allows an analysis in which the deep structure direct object of make is a sentence It is pleasant here whose subject is ambient it). Subject Extraposition Rodney D. HuddlestonClauses with a subordinate clause subject generally have variants with the subordinate clause at the end and dummy it as the subject:- a. That he was acquitted disturbs her.- b. It disturbs her that he was acquitted. Using Dummy It in African-American Vernacular English Fern L. JohnsonThe use of dummy it (Labov, 1972a) corresponds to particular meanings in AAVE. Roughly equivalent to SAE there, it can be found in contexts such as the following: It wasnt nothing to do and Its a new car, which compare to SAE There wasnt nothing to do and Theres a new car. This dummy it exists in Gullah as well and is likely a direct retention from plantation creole. Also Known As: ambient it, introductory it, prop it, empty it, nonreferential it

Personal Statement Essay - 961 Words

People who know me typically find out pretty quickly that next to my passion for medicine, I am actually one of the world’s hugest computer geeks. In fact, when I first entered college, I toyed with the idea of studying computer science before I realized that the study of the human body was so much more exciting because it allows me to combine my fervor for computers and merge it with my interest in medicine. Once I began medical school, I started to see the human body like the hardware of a computer system. For example, the nervous system - the midbrain is the CPU and the cortex acts as RAM. The spinal cord acts as the motherboard, creating a system for impulses to travel back and forth. The eyes and ears act like the mouse and†¦show more content†¦Once that diagnosis has been hypothesized, appropriate treatment acts as the debugging phase. If a treatment plan is not working, then another diagnosis needs to be developed. A patient’s objective is fulfilled when the appropriate illness has been revealed and eliminated. With the ability and appreciation for contemplating a particular pathway from my computer science background, I found the task of organizing a patient’s multiple complaints into a particular pathology to be most fascinating. This obsession has sparked anticipation to specialize in endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism. Similar to how a computer algorithm may flow from one level down to the next, the endocrine system involves a delicate system of hormones in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Any disruption in the pathway resulted in a symptomatic change that can be elicited from the patient. The objective simply becomes identifying these symptoms and associating it with the appropriate disruption in the pathway. Methodical thinking has also helped me to comprehend the careful equilibrium of the body’s metabolism. I used to be one who paid very little attention to my own health, especially when I was more focused on a particular activity. By the time I had reached my second year of medical school, I noticed my weight had increased to about 210 pounds. With a height of 69 inches, my BMI was 31 and I was categorized as obese. While studyingShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement On Personal Responsibility850 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal responsibility is holding you accountable for all your actions and decisions. Being personally responsible means you take ownership of what you do in and with your life. This means from the time you wake up until you go to bed at night, your life is your responsibility and yours alone. Your values, morals, and beliefs are all contributing factors in how you view being personally responsible. 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The Hunters Phantom Chapter 13 Free Essays

â€Å"I’m so sorry. I’m so sorry,† Meredith said for the tenth time. Her usual y composed face was flushed, and her eyes were bright with unshed tears. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hunters: Phantom Chapter 13 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Matt didn’t remember ever seeing her so upset about something, especial y something that had ended up not being a big deal. Sure, Celia could have been hurt, but the car hadn’t touched her. â€Å"I’m fine, real y I am, Meredith,† Celia assured her again. â€Å"I just didn’t see you. I don’t know how, but I didn’t. Thank God for Alaric,† Meredith said, throwing a grateful glance at Alaric, who was sitting close beside her and rubbing her back. â€Å"It’s okay, Meredith,† he said. â€Å"It’s al okay.† Alaric seemed more concerned for Meredith than for Celia, and Matt didn’t blame him. Babbling was pretty out of character for Meredith. Alaric wrapped his arms tightly around Meredith, and she visibly relaxed. Celia, on the other hand, tensed noticeably as Meredith leaned into Alaric’s embrace. Matt traded a rueful glance with Bonnie. Then Stefan reached out and stroked Elena’s shoulder absently, and Matt was surprised to feel a jealous pang of his own. Wasn’t he ever going to get over Elena Gilbert? It had been more than a year since they dated, and about a century in experience. Bonnie was stil watching him, now with a speculative gleam in her eyes, and Matt shot her a bland smile. He’d just as soon not know what Bonnie saw in his face when he looked at Elena and Stefan. â€Å"Around this bend and up the slope is the Plunge,† he said to Celia, ushering her forward along the trail. â€Å"It’s a little bit of a hike, but it’s the best place around here for a picnic.† â€Å"Absolutely the best,† said Bonnie cheerily. â€Å"We can jump down the waterfal .† She fel in on Celia’s other side, helping him to herd her away from the two couples, who were murmuring to one another softly as they fol owed behind. â€Å"Is that safe?† asked Celia dubiously. â€Å"Total y,† said Bonnie. â€Å"Everybody jumps the waterfal here, and nobody’s ever gotten hurt.† â€Å"Usual y it’s safe,† said Matt, more cautiously. â€Å"You and Meredith might want to think about not swimming, Celia.† â€Å"I hate this,† Bonnie said. â€Å"I hate having to be extracareful because of some dark thing that we don’t know anything about. Everything should be normal.† Normal or not, it was a magnificent picnic. They spread their blankets on the rocks near the top of the waterfal . The smal fal s plummeted down the side of the cliff and ended in a deep pool of effervescent water, making a sort of natural fountain that spil ed into a clear bronze-green pool. Mrs. Flowers had packed salads and breads and desserts for them, as wel as meat and corn to gril on a hibachi Stefan had brought from the boardinghouse. They had more than enough food for a couple days of camping, let alone one lunch. Elena had stowed cold drinks in a cooler, and, after hiking up the trail in the Virginia summer heat, everyone was happy to crack open a lemonade or soda. Even Stefan took a water bottle and drank as he started heating the gril , although it was automatical y understood by everyone that he would not be eating. Matt had always found the fact that he never saw Stefan eating a little creepy, even before Matt knew he was a vampire. The girls squirmed out of jeans and tops to display their bathing suits, like caterpil ars transforming into butterflies. Meredith was tan and lean in a black one-piece. Bonnie was wearing a petite mermaid-green bikini. Elena wore a soft gold bandeau that went with her hair. Matt watched Stefan watching her appreciatively, and felt that little twist of jealousy again. Both Elena and Bonnie pul ed their T-shirts back on over their bathing suits almost immediately. They always did: Their pale skin burned instead of tanned. Celia lounged on a towel, looking spectacular in a casual yet daringly cut white swimsuit. The effect of the pure white against Celia’s coffee-colored skin was amazing. Matt noticed Meredith’s eyes passing over her and then glancing sharply at Alaric. But Alaric was too busy shucking down to a pair of red trunks. Stefan stayed out of the direct sunlight, remaining in his dark jeans and black T-shirt. Wasn’t that a little creepy, too? Matt thought. Stefan’s ring protected him from the sun’s rays, didn’t it? Did he stil have to stick to the shadows? And what was with the black clothing? Was he pretending to be Damon now? Matt frowned at the thought: One Damon had been more than enough. Matt shook his head, stretched his arms and legs, turned his face toward the sun, and tried to get rid of his thoughts. He liked Stefan. He always had. Stefan was a good guy. A vampire, a dry voice in the back of his mind noted, even a harmless one, can rarely be described as a good guy. Matt ignored the voice. â€Å"Let’s jump!† he said, and headed toward the waterfal . â€Å"Not Meredith,† said Stefan flatly. â€Å"Not Meredith, and not Celia. You two stay here.† There was a little silence, and he glanced up from the gril to see his friends staring at him. He kept his face neutral as he returned their gazes. This was a life-or-death situation. It was Stefan’s responsibility now to keep them safe, whether they liked it or not. He looked at them each in turn, holding their eyes. He was not going to back down. Meredith had risen to her feet to fol ow Matt to the fal s’ edge, and she hesitated for a moment, clearly unsure how to react. Then her face hardened, and Stefan saw that she had chosen to take a stand. She stepped toward him. â€Å"I’m sorry, Stefan,† she said, her voice level. â€Å"I know you’re worried, but I’m going to do what I decide I want to do. I can look after myself.† She moved to join Matt, who was standing at the edge of the cliff, but Stefan’s hand whipped out to grab her wrist, his fingers as strong as steel. â€Å"No, Meredith,† he said firmly. Out of the corner of his eye, he saw Bonnie’s mouth drop open. Everyone was looking at him with puzzled, anxious faces, and Stefan tried to soften his tone. â€Å"I’m just trying to do what’s best for you.† Meredith sighed, a long, gusty sound, and seemed to be making an effort to let go of some of her anger. â€Å"I know that, Stefan,† she said reasonably, â€Å"and I appreciate it. But I can’t go through the world not doing the things I usual y do, just waiting for whatever this is to come get me.† She tried to move around him, but he sidestepped to block her way again. Meredith glanced at Celia, who threw up her hands and shook her head. â€Å"Don’t look at me,† Celia said. â€Å"I have no urge to jump off a cliff. I’m just going to lie in the sunshine and let you al work this out yourselves.† She leaned back on her hands and turned her face toward the sun. Meredith’s eyes narrowed and she whirled back to Stefan. As she was opening her mouth, Elena broke in. â€Å"What if the rest of us go first?† she suggested placatingly to Stefan. â€Å"We can make sure there’s nothing clearly dangerous down there. And we’l be near her at the bottom. Nobody’s ever been hurt jumping here, not that I’ve heard of. Right, guys?† Matt and Bonnie nodded in agreement. Stefan felt himself softening. Whenever Elena used her logical voice and her wide, appealing eyes, he found himself agreeing to plans that, in his heart of hearts, he thought were foolhardy. Elena pressed her advantage. â€Å"You could stand right by the water below, too,† she said. â€Å"Then, if there’s any problem, you could dive in right away. You’re so fast, you’d get there before anything bad could happen.† Stefan knew this was wrong. He hadn’t forgotten that sick swoop of despair, of realizing he was too slow to save someone. Once again, he saw Damon’s long, graceful leap toward Bonnie that had ended with Damon fal ing to earth, a wooden branch driven through his heart. Damon had died because Stefan was too slow to save him, too slow to realize the danger and save Bonnie himself. He’d also been too late to save Elena when she had driven off the bridge and drowned. The fact that she now lived again didn’t mean he hadn’t failed her then. He remembered her pale hair floating like seaweed in the chil y water of Wickery Creek, her hands stil resting on the steering wheel, her eyes closed, and shuddered. He had dived repeatedly before he found her. She had been so cold and white when he carried her to shore. Stil , he found himself nodding. What Elena wanted, Elena got. He would stand by and protect Meredith as best as he could, and he prayed, as far as a vampire could pray, that it would be enough. The rest of the friends stayed at the top while, down at the bottom of the fal s, Stefan surveyed the pool at his feet. The water sprayed up exuberantly from where the fal s hit the surface. Warm, pale sand encircled the pool’s edges, making a tiny beach, and the center of the pool seemed dark and deep. Matt jumped first, with a long, wavering whoop as he plummeted. The splash as he hit the water was huge, and he seemed to stay submerged for a long time. Stefan leaned forward to watch the water. He couldn’t see through the foam thrown up by the fal s, and an anxious quiver shot through his stomach. He was just thinking of diving in after him when Matt’s sleek wet head broke the surface. â€Å"I touched the bottom!† he announced, grinning, and shook his head like a dog, throwing glittering drops of water everywhere. He swam toward Stefan, strong tan limbs moving powerful y, and Stefan thought how easy everything seemed for Matt. He was a creature of sunlight and simplicity, while Stefan was stuck in the shadows, living a long half-life of secrets and loneliness. Sure, his sapphire ring let him walk in the sun, but being exposed to the sunlight for a long time, like today, was uncomfortable, as if there were some kind of itch deep inside him. It was worse now that he was readjusting to a diet of animal blood again. His unease was yet another reminder that he didn’t real y belong here. Not the way Matt did. He shrugged off his sour feelings, surprised at their emergence in the first place. Matt was a good friend. He always had been. The daylight must be getting to him. Bonnie jumped next, and surfaced more quickly, coughing and snorting. â€Å"Oof!† she said. â€Å"I got water up my nose! Ugh!† She pul ed herself out of the water and perched on a rock near Stefan’s feet. â€Å"You don’t swim?† she asked him. Stefan was struck with a flash of memory. Damon, tanned and strong, splashing him and laughing in one of his rare fits of good humor. It was hundreds of years ago now. Back when the Salvatore brothers had lived in the sunlight, back before even the great-grandparents of his friends had been born. â€Å"Not for a long time,† he answered. Elena jumped with the same casual grace as she did everything else, straight as an arrow toward the bottom of the fal s, her gold bathing suit and her golden hair gleaming in the sunshine. She was underwater for longer than Bonnie had been, and again Stefan tensed, watching the pool. When she broke the surface, she gave them a rueful grin. â€Å"I couldn’t quite reach the bottom,† she said. â€Å"I was stretching and stretching down. I could see the sand, but the water pushed me back up.† â€Å"I didn’t even try,† Bonnie said. â€Å"I’ve accepted that I’m too short.† Elena swam away from the bottom of the fal s and climbed onto the sand, settling next to Bonnie at Stefan’s feet. Matt climbed out of the water, too, and stood near the fal s, gazing up critical y. â€Å"Just jump feetfirst, Meredith,† he cal ed teasingly. â€Å"You’re such a show-off.† Meredith was poised at the edge of the fal s. She saluted them and then leaped into a perfect swan dive, arching swiftly toward the pool, disappearing smoothly beneath the water with barely a splash. â€Å"She was on the swim team,† Bonnie said conversational y to Stefan. â€Å"She has a row of ribbons and trophies on a shelf at home.† Stefan nodded absently, his eyes scanning the water. Surely Meredith’s head would break the surface in a second. The others had taken about this long to reemerge. â€Å"Can I jump yet?† Alaric cal ed from above. â€Å"No!† Elena shouted. She rose to her feet and she and Stefan exchanged a worried glance. Meredith had been down there too long. Meredith surfaced, sputtering and pushing her wet hair out of her eyes. Stefan relaxed. â€Å"I did it!† she cal ed. â€Å"I – â€Å" Her eyes widened and she began to shriek, but her scream was cut off as she was abruptly yanked under the water by something they couldn’t see. In the space of a breath, she was gone. For a moment, Stefan just stared at where Meredith had been, unable to move. Too slow, too slow, an internal voice taunted him, and he pictured Damon’s face, laughing cruel y and saying again, So fragile, Stefan. He couldn’t see Meredith anywhere under the clear, effervescent water. It was as if she had been taken suddenly away. Al of this flew through Stefan’s head in only a heartbeat, and then he dived into the water after her. Underwater, he couldn’t see anything. The white water from the fal s bubbled up, throwing foam and golden sand in front of him. Stefan urgently channeled his Power to his eyes, sharpening his vision, but mostly that just meant that now he could see the individual bubbles of the white water and the grains of sand in sharp relief. Where was Meredith? The bubbling water was trying to push him up to the surface, too. He had to struggle to move forward through the murky water, reaching out. Something brushed his fingers and he grabbed at it, but it was only a handful of slippery pondweed. Where was she? Time was running out. Humans could go without oxygen for only a few minutes before brain damage set in. A few minutes after that, there would be no recovery at al . He remembered Elena’s drowning once more, the frail white shape that he had pul ed from Matt’s wrecked car, ice crystals in her hair. The water here was warm, but would kil Meredith just as surely. He swal owed a sob and reached out frantical y again into the shadowed depths. His fingers found skin, and it moved against his hand. Stefan grasped whatever limb it was, tight enough to bruise, and surged forward. In less than a second more, he could see that it was Meredith’s arm. She was conscious, her mouth tight with fear, her hair streaming around her in the water. At first he couldn’t see why she hadn’t come to the surface. Then Meredith gestured emphatical y, reaching to fumble at long tendrils of pondweed that had somehow become entangled with her legs. Stefan swam down, pushing against the white water from the fal s, and tried to work his hand under the pondweed to pul it off her. It was wrapped so tightly around Meredith’s legs that he couldn’t get his fingers beneath it. Her skin was pressed white by the strands. Stefan struggled for a moment, then swam closer and let Power surge into him, sharpening and lengthening his canines. He bit, careful not to scratch Meredith’s legs, and pul ed at the pondweed, but it resisted him. A little late, he realized that the resilience of the plants must be supernatural: His Power-enhanced strength was enough to break bones, tear through metal, and should have had no problem with a bit of pondweed. And final y – so slow, he reprimanded himself, always just so damn slow – he realized what he was looking at. Stefan felt his eyes widen in horror. The tight strands of pondweed against Meredith’s long legs spel ed out a name. How to cite The Hunters: Phantom Chapter 13, Essay examples

Product Innovation Aid of Technology

Question: Discuss about Product Innovation for Aid of Technology. Answer: Deliverables of the assignment: The company to be considered for innovation is Nike. Contact number is 1-503-671-6453 and the headquarters are at Beaverton, OR 97005 (Nike.com, 2016). The assessment of the features of the organization which are used in facilitating the process of innovation. The strategic approach to the organization innovation management which will include the organization culture as well the role of the individuals in the process. Plan detailing program with the activities and tasks which will help in the establishment and maintenance of the innovative environment in the organization. Approach towards the solution Since its founding, Nike has focused on using highly innovative products with the aid of technology. This has been the major goal of the company, as it aims at providing the athletes with footwear and apparel and they have focused on innovation (Rothberg, 2011). As such, the solution on this paper will be based on the innovative process and goals of the organization. This will be aimed at identifying the processes and the organization culture, as well as the innovative environment. Potential risks foreseeable Some of the risks which may be experienced in the course of doing the assignment include the challenges of analyzing the information on the organization. Establishing the effective and reliable sources of information may be a challenge for an individual while undertaking this assignment. As such, there is the risk of establishment of the correct information. The solution for this challenge is ensuring that one uses the sources which are verified to be accurate. This will ensure that all the information is accurate and up-to-date. Timeline and work breakdown Task Completion time Innovation process Evaluation Week 1 Innovation management strategy establishment Week 2 Innovative Plan Establishment Week 3 Critically evaluate the organizational characteristics that facilitate the innovation process in one of the organizations mentioned in the article Nike is engaging in some activities and has characteristics which facilitate the innovation process. First, the organization is surrounding itself with innovation. This can be seen by the fact that they embrace innovation while establishing new products. This can be seen by the invention of the first ever self-lacing shoe by the company (Livermore, 2016). This is a shoe which will be made available in the market this year. The company also prizes innovation, just like it is seen in the investment in the Rio Olympics. The organization is set to introduce the shoes they have made by the application of innovative techniques at the Rio Olympics of 2016. This is a project which will cost the organization money, and the company is ready to part with it. This can also be seen as incubating itself in innovation. Nike also understands itself during the innovation process as it carries out initial investigation before engaging in the innovative processes. This is seen in the production of the app which is incoming where the company intends to produce the Nike app. Prior to this decision, some background check had been done, and it was established to be a viable project. As such, the organization can be referred to be innovative. The innovativeness of the company can also be established by the fact that the organization is always on top of the innovative processes in the industry. It is involved in the introduction of the high-technology products. The organization has, therefore, been on top in the terms of market share as compared to other companies such as Adidas. As such, the tech-based approach has been a success, and this can be illustrated by the Discontinuation of the Nike Fuel Bands. Company strategic Approach One of the strategies which are applied by Nike to stay innovative is the focus on customer satisfaction. A lot of resources are invested on the research and development of products, and it puts focus on the production of better products (Wilson, 2016). As such, the organization combines customer needs with the emerging technology to stay relevant on the industry development. Other than the provision of high quality products, the company is involved in ensuring that the new products are affordable for the customers. As such, the customers are offered the products at an affordable price. The company innovation is also managed by the use of employees in an effective manner. The organization is involved with the employees who assist in the development of high tech products, and as such, the company recognizes the importance of the staff. The employees are, therefore, motivated so as to stay loyal to the organization leading to better productivity (Utterback, 2013). The board of director s in the company is also involved in the establishment of the economic conditions at the current times. As such, the organization bases its innovation on the situations of the economy, making sure that the new products are affordable to the consumers. This, therefore, ensures that all the new products introduced by the organization into the market are highly demanded. The organization is also entrepreneurial in the sense that it has the ability to match the need for new products, as well as the maintenance of the talent in the company (Hargadon, 2013). The other strategy by the organization is the promotion of entrepreneurial spirit. This is ensured by introducing products which have not been seen in the market. As such, the customers have confidence on the products from Nike, as they are always the originals in the market. This is as opposed to the me too perception which is used by most organizations that have poor innovative techniques. The company also gives time, as well as spa ce to innovation hence the perfect production of products. The company involves itself with research on the products to be introduced in the market, and hence the introduction of products which are practical in fulfilling consumers needs. As a result, all the products established are suitable for a particular set of the market, and hence the success in the innovative processes (Kosaka Shirahada, 2014). The strategies adopted by Nike shows that the company has the ability to become a global supplier of sportswear. It is, however, important for the company to address issues regarding the competition. In spite of the competitive advantage of the organization, the market is flooded with other companies which produce similar products. As such, the competition is stiff, and the firm has to work hard towards ensuring that it maintains the competitive advantage. This can be done by reducing its prices so as to ensure that the products are affordable to more customers. The issue of patent p rotection should also be focused at so as to prevent other companies from taking advantage of the companys innovativeness. Nike Company Plan for creating and/or maintaining an innovative environment Strategies Program Activities Tasks Resource Allocation The first strategy adopted by Nike is the focus on customer satisfaction. Market research Some of the activities which are done during the market research include gathering information about the market. The company is also involved in gathering statistics about the nature of the market. The other activity is analyzing the information to identify the way in which the needs of the clients can be satisfied. Customer interaction is also done so as to learn of the needs and interests of different people. The tasks which are used in the identification of the needs and interests of the clients include communication with the customers. The other task is gathering the feedback from the clients on the products that are produced by the use of the new technology. The resources to be allocated will be shared amongst all these tasks so as to ensure all the activities are carried out effectively. Some of the resources should be allocated in market research, and gathering of information, as well as in the process of gathering information about the customer needs and requirements. Employee motivation Introduction of reward systems and incentives The activities in this case include providing positive feedback to the employees due to their effective work. The company should also ensure that the correction to be done to the employees is done privately. The company should also believe in their employees and show them confidence. It should also make the rewards provided in the organization to be achievable to the company. The praises should be done publicly so as to make the employee feel appreciated. The employees should be given monetary rewards so as to maintain motivation amongst them. Incentive programs should also be introduced so as to appreciate them in other forms. The company should also engage in ensuring that the employees goals and objectives are met. The resources should be given to the human resource department so as to carry out the activities here. As such, the rewards system program should be attained by investing more resources to the employees. Other than the rewards, some of the funds should be introduced in providing training programs. This is important in ensuring employee development and appreciation. Entrepreneurial spirit Establishment of unique plans and ideas The entrepreneurial spirit can only be maintained where the organization is involved in the introduction of unique products. As such, the company should engage in research on the new technology and the development of new ideas. This ensures that the organization is able to come up with new and more innovative products/. Further, the company should be involved in the study of the technology changes so as to know the trends that are expected in the future. The tasks include research of the new changes in the market. The company should also be involved in establishment of the new technology. The organization should also gather new ideas from the employees as well as other external sources. This aspect is important in maintaining the innovativeness in the company. As such, enough resources should be allocated to this sector so as to ensure that the new ideas are gathered. Moreover, the new ideas need to be made into reality by introducing new products to the market. This, therefore, explains the need for a lot of resources. Recommendations: As a result of the completion, the company needs to work hard to ensure the innovative process ensures the market is retained. As such, the new products should put into consideration factors such as the purchasing power of the target market (Bradbury, 2009). The organization should, therefore, use the level of innovation which does not heighten production cost to the extremes. This will ensure that the products prices are in a level that all the customers can afford. Further, the organization should produce products with different price ranges so as to meet the needs for all the customers in the market. References Top of Form Bradbury, J. A. A. (2009). Product innovation: Idea to exploitation. Chichester: Wiley.Bottom of Form Top of Form Hargadon, A. (2013). 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